Changing A Companys Culture - 1497 Words

Changing a Company’s Culture When it comes to corporate culture, there would be no better example than Apple Computer as how change can take place based on the leadership of a single individual. This would be no other than Steven Paul Jobs, better known to the world of Steve Jobs. Mr. Jobs was worth slightly over million dollars at the age of 23. By the time he was 24 years old he was worth just over $10 million and by the time he reached the age of 25 was worth well over $100 million dollars. A staggering difference in just a three-year period (Denning, 2011). In the interview that was given to Robert Cringely in 1995 for a show that was going to air on the Public Broadcasting System (PBS) entitled Triumph of the Nerds (Denning, 2011) Steve Jobs tells how he created the culture at Apple from being different than the status quo. He speaks at length about costs and how the accountants would never seem to see eye to eye with him when it came to cost. What Jobs found along the way was that is just the way things were always done in the past but other institutions and that was not going to be the case at Apple Computer. He knew he could do better and change the way people would think even when it came to the accounting department at Apple (Jobs, Cringely, Sen, 1995). At the time the interview was given Steve Jobs was no longer working for Apple even though he was its founder he had resigned from the company 10 years prior and many things have changed for the worse at AppleShow MoreRelatedorganizational behavior Essay1748 Words   |  7 Pagesassumptions associated with Chrysler’s culture? Explain. 2. How is Mr. Machionne trying to improve the PE fit of his direct reports? 3. Use the competing values framework to diagnose Chrysler’s culture. To what extent does it possess characteristics associated with clan, adhocracy, market, and hierarchy cultures? Discuss. 4. Begin by looking up Chrysler’s mission or vision statement on the company’s website. Now answer the following question: To what extent is the culture type you identified in questionRead MoreOrganizational Culture : Toyota Motors1121 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational culture is a major factor in determining the success of any organization. Every organization has its own special culture. This culture plays a major role in shaping an organization s beliefs, ideologies, principles and values that its employees share. The organizational is called strong when employees of an organization respond to stimulus because of their following to the organization s values and when the employees do things because they believe it is the right thing to do. OnRead MoreHow Easy Do You Think It Is for a New Chief Executive to Change the Culture of an Organisation Quickly?937 Words   |  4 PagesThe culture of an organization can be defined by the ‘way they do things’, th is means the way they make decisions, operate and how they choose and achieve their objectives. As culture is a set of values and practices, changing it may be difficult and a long process, especially if the change is organized by a new chief executive. Changing the culture of an organization may not be easy especially if the new chief executive does not fully understand the previous culture and therefore does not embraceRead MoreQuestions On Managing Organizational Change890 Words   |  4 PagesPost How to Survive Organizational Changes in the Fast-Changing World As we have learned all quarter, managing the changing organizational environment is one of the most salient challenges in today’s business world. Managing organizational change properly can minimize resistance from employees and cost of and maximize the effectiveness of the changes. In other words, managing organizational change addresses the human side of the changing management. Personally, I think organizational changes areRead MoreCommunication in Business in Changing External Environments1147 Words   |  5 Pages1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Describe the three basic characteristics of changing external environments †¢ Environmental change is the rate at which a company’s general and specific environments change. If the environment is stable, this means that the rate of change is slow; if the environment is dynamic, this means that the rate of change is fast. †¢ Environmental complexity is the number of external factors in the environment that affect organizations. Complex environments have many environmental factors; simple environmentsRead MoreAnalysis Of Culture Change At Ford Motor Company1437 Words   |  6 PagesAn Analysis of Culture Change at Ford Motor Company When reflecting on the history of Ford Motor Company, the name Henry Ford is synonymous with the success of the company. Henry Ford created a culture of innovation and creativity (Brady Haley, 2013), and also one in which he doubled workers’ wagers to further highlight them as valuable assets to the company (Harnish, 2012). However, by 2006, the culture that Henry Ford created had drastically changed and the company was facing potential bankruptcyRead MoreThe Impact Of Innovation On The Development Of A New Product Service Services Provider Hcl Technologies ( Hclt )1600 Words   |  7 Pagestowards greater possibilities. Despite the continued growth of the company’s revenues each year, it was still losing market shares and mindshare. The industry was rapidly changing; its competitors were increasing in growth more rapidly each year and the loss of the customer’s interest in their services (Nayar, 2010). He knew that something would have to change in order fo r the company to survive and thrive in a rapidly changing industry. The Use of Discovery Skills When taken into account Gregerson’sRead MoreSociocultural Aspects in the United States that Affect Verizon-MCI905 Words   |  4 PagesTheory and Practice, Verizon-MCI in its domestic environment, the United States, is placed in the cultural cluster with the Anglo countries. This cluster consists of Australia, Canada, United States, United Kingdom, Ireland, and South Africa. The company’s cultural cluster, for its global environment, China, is with the Far Eastern countries. This cluster includes China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, and the Philippines. These cultural clusters approaches are based on the countries’ geographic similaritiesRead MoreChanges And Advancements Of Human Resources884 Words   |  4 Pagespractices and procedures, officially into their business organizational structure. Some may recall a time when the Human Resource department was simply called Personnel. As with every aspect of business, technology has become an integral and ever changing p art of the HR department. It now affects how companies recruit for open positions in their company and even how applicants apply for that open position. Technology also impacts the advanced ability for employees to work off-site, to haveRead MoreOrganizational Culture at Lincoln Electric686 Words   |  3 Pageseight best companies in America. It is a phenomenal achievement to maintain the company’s ranking for several years. This implies that the organizational structure and culture should play a tremendous role in the Company’s continuous success and progress. This essay assess the assess the culture and different trends followed at Lincoln Electric Organizational Culture: Business dictionary defines Organizational Culture as the ‘values and behaviors that contribute to the unique social and psychological

What Can Carers And Care Work A Positive Experience

What can carers and care workers do to help make transitions in care a positive experience? Regular transitions occur in health and social care and can be either voluntary or planned. Oxford dictionaries (2015) defines transition as The process or period of changing from one state or condition to another . This essay looks at what carers and care workers can do to help make transitions in care a more positive experience. By looking at case studies, and example of care centres that have excelled in getting things right, carers and care workers can analyse ways of making transitions in care a more positive experience. Transition brings about change, for example, changes in relationships and individuality, and can develop by either†¦show more content†¦The loss of control experienced by Ann may have had an impact on the time it took to progress through the stages. Involving Ann in the decision making, discussing options and offering continuity of care would help make the transition from her home environment easier. The home environment is more that just a physical environment. Peace (2015) groups the home into three categories, the physical environment, the social environment and the psychological environment. These three elements contribute to a person s individuality, identity and emotional attachment. In contrast, the home can also be a negative and disabling environment. Consequently, it is these emotional attachments that get interrupted in transition. Personal possessions can have great meaning and by using these emotional attachments in a new setting, carers and care worker can help make the transition to a new environment a more positive experience. Environmental factors can have a positive effect on health and well-being, planning for life s transitions is sometimes possible. Designing care settings and centres for this purpose, Maggie Keswick designed for the transition between hospital and home for people suffering from terminal cancer. The centres prepare people for their transition between life and death. Designed to be a positive, uplifting physical environment offering practical, emotional and social support, the centres offer a place of great psychologicalShow MoreRelatedk101 tma01826 Words   |  4 Pagesthere being difficulties and also rewards of being a carer for a family member. ‘A carer is someone of any age who provides unpaid support to care for family or friends who could not manage without this help. This could be caring for a relative, partner or friend who is ill, frail, disabled or has mental health or substance misuse problems.’ (Carers Trust) I will attempt to use my course materials to draw on the experiences of Ann Walker who cares for her elderly step father Angus who has developedRead MoreA Brief Note On Anna Of Anna s Story1713 Words   |  7 PagesFemale, 32 years old, Parent Carer Anna is a 32-year-old full-time mother to two children aged 2 and 4 years old and is expecting her 3rd child to arrive soon; Anna’s husband is at work full-time, and sometimes overtime to support the family financially. A few months prior to becoming an informal carer for her husband’s parents Anna lost her mother, and was one of the support networks for her Father, with one child at the time. Anna is the informal carer to her Father-in-Law who suffersRead MoreMany Children During The Psychoactive Effect That Stimulates1396 Words   |  6 Pagessomething at work here. A reconfiguration of child’s rights where harmful medication becomes essential, and where interventions that course harm become treatment. In order to expand its own muskets, the pharmaceuticals industry has been accused of helping to create and propagate the notion of ADHD On a global scale the interweaving and the pharmaceutical industry seem to do the opposite of this; skewing practise to over prescription of medication. Reports of the strain that caring can bring care giveRead MoreCache Level 3 Diploma for the Children and Young Peoples Workforce (Qcf) England1555 Words   |  7 Pagesof implementing duty care in health, social care or children’s and young people settings  Ã‚   Unit number:  SHC 32  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Unit reference:  R/601/1429      Unit level:  3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Unit credit level value:  3      |  Name:   |Annam  Khan   |Today’s date:   |   |    1. Understand what is required for work competence in own work role.   1.  Describe the duties and responsibilities of own work role.      2. ExplainRead MorePerson centred approach1432 Words   |  6 Pagesthose reserved potentials. The person-centred relationship has three main features: 1. Empathic understanding is when the helper is trying to understand the client’s world and the way the client lives his/her life. During my work I keep my behaviour and emotional responses positive. I do not try to influence the client’s decisions and choices. I accept the client’s choices, if that does not cause harm or dangerous to the client, to me or others. For example follow the client’s bedtime routines. 2. UnconditionalRead MoreUnderstand working relationships in social care settings1548 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿1. Understand working relationships in social care settings. 1.1 Explain how a working relationship is different from a personal relationship. Working relationships are based on formal policies and procedures and agreed ways of working. They are bound by contracts of employment and also have codes of practice to be followed so they are professional based. My responsibility as a care assistant is to deliver a very high standard service to individuals. This includes support for everyday livingRead MoreNVQ 3 Equality Diversity And Inclusion In Dementia Care Practice Assignment1696 Words   |  7 PagesDEM 313 Equality, diversity and inclusion in dementia care practice 1.1 Explain why it is important to recognise and respect an individual’s heritage An individual’s heritage is about his culture, history or personal experiences it is important to recognise and respect them because it is what makes him individual and unique. If we know them we provide a person centre care and focus on individual’s choices and preferences, he will then feel valued and included. For example Muslim doesn’t eat porkRead MoreAn Evaluation Of A Service User s Self Referral1649 Words   |  7 Pagesafter Ian had a fall. Jackie, 69, is a carer for Ian, 66, who has increasing needs due to dementia. The visit’s objective is to explore cost-effective early help support services so Ian can stay independent and have better outcomes within his home. My duty is to conduct separate assessments which explain the couple s situation. Ian is entitled to a basic needs assessment, whilst Jackie qualifies for a Carer s Assessment, which focuses on obtaining positive outcomes for both by improving JackieRead MoreEssay about The Kids Patch Learning Centre1403 Words   |  6 Pageschildcare centre providing preschool and long day care for children aged 2-6 years for parents or carers. The main aim of the centre is to ensure the children feel safe, secure and happy in a friendly environment, which will aid in their development. We nurture each child to help their development in all areas - physical, emotional, social, intellectually and language. The Kids Patch works in partnership with its families to ensure the best possible care and education is provided to all its childrenRead MoreTheories of Ageing and Their Impact on Health and Social Care1037 Words   |  5 PagesTheories of ageing and their impact on Health and Social Care Provision (D2) During life span and development, we learned about each of the stages of life. In this report I am going to focus on the final stage which is elderly. In today’s society the population of elderly people is rising. As the population of elderly people is rising, it means the need for health and social care services is rising too. As health care services have improved so much over the last number of years, it also means

Schwetzingen Castle and Mythology free essay sample

Schwetzingen Castle and Mythology: The Connection The beauty and history of the grounds at Schwetzingen Castle is unmistakable. There is a deep history part of its roots in mythology. There are over one hundred statues that decorate the property with many that depict some kind of god, hero or representation of something in mythology. There are also many examples of other cultures scattered around the grounds. The way they are portrayed, their faces and poses tell the story of how they were perceived by their creators. The original castle, built in 1350, showed none of the potential that the future grounds would hold. In its beginning, it was merely a small castle with a moat, one of many such structures in Europe at the time. It was the genius of Palatine prince Elector Carl Theodor (1724-1799) to truly turn the Schwetzingen Castle in to a beautiful work of art. He also brought to life the Baroque gardens where statues of four characters of Greek mythology were placed. We will write a custom essay sample on Schwetzingen Castle and Mythology or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The gardens have statues or buildings of Zeus, Apollo, Athena, and the Sphinx. The statue of Zeus in the gardens of Schwetzingen Castle wears a crown of leaves and looks slightly downwards and sideways. His gaze is a powerful one. It is a remarkably emotional statue, offering many opportunities for different interpretation of disposition and intention. The possibilities can vary depending on the angle of the viewer. Is it possible he is passing judgment or deciding the fate of a fellow god? Or is he deep in thought trying to figure out a way to fool Agamemnon into attacking the Trojans: â€Å"While gods and mortals slept, Zeus considered how he could best bring honor to Achilles and kill many of the Greeks beside their black ships.† The statues expression can also remind us that men are often no more than an annoyance to the gods, flies to be swatted and forgotten. Nicolas de Pigage is the primary architect behind the new additions to the castle and the gardens. The gardens consist of 180 acres and scattered throughout are various remembrances of Greek mythology. Pigage apparently was fond of Apollo more than Zeus. Apollo has his own temple on the grounds, whereas Zeus was limited to a single statue and simple fountain to represent his reign. The temple of Apollo is an open domed building with twelve  pillars holding up the dome. Apollo is depicted in the middle by a marble statue. He is playing his harp and looking beautiful. Being that Apollo is the god of light, the top of the dome is a sun radiating its light outward. Apollo is shown without any expression on his face. I can imagine him playing his music in peace and harmony until he finds that Agamemnon has dishonored his priest by keeping the daughter of the priest. Apollo was then filled with rage and anger in his heart and filling the Greek soldiers with arrows from his silver bow. Beforehand, he is the soul of tranquility, now he is the bringer of death to the land. Athena also has a temple located on the grounds of the garden. Though it is called the temple of Minerva, the statue within its walls houses a spear and an owl. As she is the god of wisdom and war, these are her symbols. Minerva is the equivalent of Athena in Roman mythology. Her temple is much larger than the temple of Apollo. This should be so as Pigage designed the property, with the help of many renowned architects and scholars, as place of contemplation and reverence. The last statue that is related to mythology that is located in the gardens is the statue of the Sphinx. The Sphinx is a monster with the head of a woman, the body of a lion and the wings of a griffin. It was a representation of death, destruction, and bad luck. It also represented the thirst for knowledge that humans have. We have the desire to know all things, whether for good or for evil. She sat on a rock near Thebes and asked a riddle of all those that passed by. Those that could not answer were killed. She finally committed suicide when Oedipus correctly answered the riddle. In some cultural myths, the sphinx was a guardian to temples and places of importance. I believe that it would have been placed in the garden by the designers to remind people to contemplate all things. The effects that mythology has on our society throughout the years are unmistakable and clearly identifiable. All four characters represented in the gardens of Schwetzingen Castle exhibit traits and values that humans held dear, or held in fear at the time of the Greeks. A look at a good number of modern day architecture will point to the Greeks. Ancient Greeks came up with a new way to build by using pillars. They were famous for the  temples and other holy places that were used to worship their gods. These buildings were beautiful works of art that used the finest materials available in an effort to please the gods. This style of building is still in effect today and has been used in countless structures throughout the world. Some examples of this style are the U.S. Supreme Court building, Louvre Museum of Paris, Jefferson Memorial, the White House, and Prado Museum in Madrid, Spain. The Greek revival in architecture was so widely used in the U.S. during the mid nineteenth century that it was considered the national style.

Performance Appraisal System

Introduction In business organizations, employees are among the most valuable organizational assets and highly determine the overall performance of any business. Many organizations despite having the abilities essential in enhancing performance have slacked due to poor input towards employees concerns.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Performance Appraisal System specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In fact, according to Levesque (2007, p.30) employee satisfaction leads to customer satisfaction. In this line, I suggest that employee motivation is the most essential component in business. Effective HRM (human resource management) is vital for optimally exploiting creativity and accomplishing organizational as well as individual goals. Organizational leadership must ensure appropriate integration of different activities and synchronized functioning focusing on organizational goals. Employee motivation is vital for guaranteeing commitment of human capital to the given goals. The answer to motivation is centered on the integration of individual and organizational goals. Hence, managers have to concentrate on important HRM tasks like planning, development, evaluation and compensation. Evaluation entails performance appraisals, scheduling and recommending. This paper investigates the â€Å"good† characteristics of an appraisal system and how the system can be paired with compensation and benefit packages to increase employee motivation. ‘Good’ characteristics of an appraisal framework The success of an appraisal system depends on the involvement of all parties involved. The difference between appraisals and evaluations should be clearly understood by both parties. An evaluation is aimed at objective measurement but an appraisal involves both objective and subjective measurement of employee performance within the period set for review. Therefore, the aim of performance appr aisal is feedback, improvement and assessment (Goel, 2008). The process of implementing performance appraisals is centered on three elements: the job, the employee and the environment of the business. Since these elements are interrelated and interdependent, the appraisal system must be individualized, qualitative, subjective, and focused on solving problems in order to be effective. The system should also be founded on clearly defined and measurable values and indicators of employee performance. Because the system appraises performance rather than personality, personality aspects that are not pertinent to performance must be disregarded from the system. Some of the ‘good’ characteristics of an appraisal system include the following:Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Documented job analysis: the performance goals and job description must be structured, mu tually accepted by and documented for both the employees and managers. Reliability and validity; performance appraisal systems should give reliable, consistent and valid information that an organization can use even in legal ramifications (Goel 2008). If two supervisors are equally qualified to appraise a worker through the same appraisal method, their results should then agree. An appraisal should also satisfy the requirement of validity. For instance, if a system is designed for potential of a worker for promotion, the information it gives must relate to potentialities of the worker to assume higher roles. Communicated to employees; most workers want to know about their job performance. An effective appraisal scheme offers the necessary feedback continuously. The appraisal interview must allow both the employee and the appraiser to understand the existing gaps and plan for a better future. So far, managers must explicitly explain their expectations on various jobs in advance of th e review period. With that understanding, the employees find it easier to learn about the goals and improve their future performance. Participatory and open; for any successful appraisal system, the employees should be involved and allowed to participate via an interview with the appraiser, for feedback. Interview discussion may involve past performance and establishment of future goals. Strategies to accomplish these goals and improve future performance should also be discussed jointly. Such involvement imparts a sense of belonging. Employee appeal; formal procedures must be developed to give room for employees who are dissatisfied with appraisal results. They should be offered options to pursue their complaints and have them handled objectively. Primarily, performance appraisals should be used to develop employees as treasured organizational resources. The system will apparently fail when the managers use it as a whip or fail to understand its restrictions.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Performance Appraisal System specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Supervisor training; since the performance appraisal is vital and somehow difficult, it is necessary to offer training to the appraiser on rating, documenting and interviewing. Being familiar with rating errors can enhance the performance of the rater and hence inject the necessary confidence in the supervisor to consider ratings more objectively (Goel, 2008). Rewards; an effective appraisal system should include both positive and negative rewards in order to initiate impact. The employees use the rewards as yardstick and improve their performance accordingly. Integrating compensation and reward packages Designing and managing reward systems perhaps presents the managers with the most challenging HRM undertaking. Within this area of HRM, there are great inconsistencies between what the literature promises and the practical execution. At the same time, organizations encounter cycles of novelty with higher hopes as the reward networks are improved, only to experience disappointment when they fail to provide results. From a business perspective, rewards are aimed at motivating certain behaviors. Nonetheless, rewards such as compensation should be appreciated as well-timed and connected to successful performance. This means that reward considerations must reflect on the outcome of performance appraisal in order to instill motivation. In today’s competitive environment, business organizations are increasingly establishing compensation goals based on pay-for-performance principle (Goel, 2008). It is agreed that performance appraisal are not complete without the managers tying some rewards to the efforts and performance of the employees. This principle is important in motivating employees to perform with larger effort, resulting in low-wage cost. Pay-for-performance standard refers to different compensation for ms such as incentive pay, cash bonuses, merit pays and gain-sharing plans. All of these forms seek to separate outstanding performers from the pay-for-average performers. As Goel (2008) notes, productivity researches indicate that employees output increases when a firm establishes a pay-for-performance initiative. A number of researches and theories have been developed about how monetary initiatives satisfy and motivate workers (Perry, Engbers Jun, 2009; Arthur Aiman-Smith, 2001; Raghuram Rangaraj, 2008).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nearly, all studies on the significance of pay likened to other rewards indicate that pay is significant and constantly ranks top in the list. Merit salary increase and piece-rate incentive systems have been associated with responsible stewardship (Perry, Engbers Jun, 2009). Group and organizational-wide incentives such as gain-sharing plans have been associated with cooperation and fairness in organizations (Arthur Aiman-Smith, 2001). Individual-pay-for performance initiatives have been associated with personal development (Raghuram Rangaraj, 2008). All these suggest that a performance appraisal that involves effective rewards systems is important in motivating employees. Conclusion Employee motivation is a major factor than determines individual performance as well as the overall performance of an organization. Therefore, it is the role of management to design performance appraisals that are accepted by all those involved in order to enhance their effectiveness. Such appraisals must then include the rewarding system which leads to the motivation. Although there are many reward systems, studies reveal that pay-for-performance initiatives are most appropriate to integrate with performance appraisals. References Arthur, J. B. Aiman-Smith, L. (2001). Gainsharing and organizational learning: an analysis of employee suggestion over time. Academy of Management Journal. 44(4), 737-754. Goel, D. (2008). Performance Appraisal and Compensation Management: A Modern Approach. New Delhi, India: PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. Levesque, P. (2007). Motivation: powerful motivators that will turbo-charge your workforce. Irvine, CA: Entrepreneur Press. Perry, J. L., Engbers, T. A. Jun, S. Y. (2009). Back to the future? Performance-related pay, empirical research and the perils of persistence. Public Administration Review, 39-51. Raghuram, G. Rangaraj, N. (2008). Formulating the concept, principles and parameters for performance-related incentives (PRI) in government. Retrieved f rom https://www.india.gov.in/ This research paper on Performance Appraisal System was written and submitted by user Tate D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Performance Appraisal System

Machiavellis Italy - A Renaissance Simulation Essays - Free Essays

Machiavelli's Italy - A Renaissance Simulation Essays - Free Essays Machiavelli's Italy - A Renaissance Simulation This activity is a simulation. A simulation is like a game, but instead of a random subject, like word meanings or running around a board faster than someone else, a simulation uses historical variables and player decisions, coupled to a probability system, and the goal of the simulation is to achieve an outcome that represents the possibilities of history by manipulating successfully all of the aforesaid possibilities. In this simulation, you and a partner(s) will be controlling one of the historical city-states of the Italian Renaissance period, and attempting to dominate southern Europe politically, economically, and militarily. You will have a myriad of options available to you to do that, all of which were prevalent and possible at the time. It is an excellent way to understand, in as real a way as possible, the turbulent times of the 1400-1500s, and the difficulties associated with ruling a Renaissance city-state. It is one thing to study it; it is another to do it. Students will also gain a much keener sense of the problems associated with the practice of diplomacy and realpolitik in any time, as the vagaries of human nature and random events can not be perfectly, if even somewhat predicted. The rules are written like game rules. Each section deals with a different aspect of the simulation. We will do some practice, and then advance to the actual playing of the simulation. You will have to read through the rules, and then practice a turn to get the feel of how it works, and the mechanics of it will become easier as you try different things out. Welcome to Machiavelli's world of 1450. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Object of the simulation/how to win. II. Definitions of terms used in the rules III. Turn sequence A. Basic B. Detailed IV. Control of territories and cities on the board V. Units in the simulation: functions, movement A. Armies: capabilities, uses, and possibilities B. Cavalry: capabilities, uses, and possibilities C. Fleets: capabilities, uses, and possibilities D. Garrisons: capabilities, uses, and possibilities E. Mercenaries: contracting, use, management, capabilities, and possibilities F. Miscellaneous: pirates, other armies of intervention, captured units VI. Unit Orders and explanations VII. Play Cards: explanations Cities Families Trade Persons of Influence Historical Events Papal Offices Spy/Assassin Mercenaries/condottierri I. OBJECT OF THE SIMULATION: to have control of 20 provinces and their cities, including all of one's own, with none in rebellion or containing any Units not your own. If this condition isn't met by a certain or agreed upon time limit, the victor is that player with the most Influence Points. II. DEFINITIONS Army - a square piece representing a citizen army of about 1,000 men, marked with the coat of arms of the controlling power Assassination - the killing of a head of family, ruler of a city- state/nation, or a person of influence by a spy Cards - a set of cards that are used in the game to introduce elements into the simulation that historically had major effects on political, economic, diplomatic, and military outcomes City - a built up area within a province that is controlled by a major family of the Renaissance period, provides income, houses Persons of Influence and garrisons, and provide better protection against outbreaks of plague. Contract - an agreement between two Renaissance states in the simulation that is written down and includes indemnities for non-performance that are kept in escrow by the Umpire Control - a condition where some asset in the simulation is held solely by one player, and is defined differently for each asset Defection - Families, represented by cards in the simulation, may defect to a neutral state or into other players' control depending upon acts or circumstances that arise during the simulation Die Roll Modifier - something in the simulation that positively or negatively affects the chances of something happening that is determined by a roll of a die or dice. Diplomacy - that part of a simulation turn when players from different Renaissance states may engage in diplomacy/negotiations Dowry - a cash payment made from one family, held by one player(s), to another family, held by another player(s), in order to write a Marriage Order. Elites - famous people from the Renaissance period who help a player build Influence, which may be used in Papal Elections. Escrow - an account held by the umpire that represents deposits made by players as a condition of a contract, as the great banking houses of Italy did at that time Family - a representation

Quality of Life in Women with Breast Cancer Post Mastectomy Research Paper

Quality of Life in Women with Breast Cancer Post Mastectomy - Research Paper Example Justification of the Problem Since such a large number of mastectomies are performed every year, it is an important issue with regard to women’s health. In order to achieve a full and proper recovery, and go on to live a high quality life post mastectomy, it is essential to identify the combination of factors necessary to achieve it. Statement of the Problem Since survival rates are improving, more attention must be given to the quality of life for breast cancer survivors (ASPS, 2011). A good deal more research is needed to help post mastectomy breast cancer patients achieve the highest quality of life possible. Review of the Literature Even though more research is needed, there is existing research that identifies some of the factors necessary for post mastectomy breast cancer patients to achieve a high quality of life. Some early research seems to suggest that the negative effects of having breast cancer (e.g. sexual well-being) may be lessened by the conservation or reconst ruction of the breast (ASPS, 2011; Rowland et al., 2001). Very little research has been done comparing psychosocial outcomes of patients that had a lumpectomy, a mastectomy alone, or a mastectomy with reconstruction (Rowland et al., 2001). The study included a large number of breast cancer survivors (1,957) who filled out a self-report questionnaire that measured health-related quality of life. As found in other research, those who had a mastectomy with reconstruction were more likely to be younger, college educated, affluent and white, than those in the other groups; however, no difference was found among the groups with regard to emotional, social... The current proposed study will be based on the theoretical framework developed by Rogers. According to Rogers’ theory, the goal, with regard to nursing, is to help clients/patients achieve a maximal level of wellness. All study participants will be women that have undergone a mastectomy as a part of breast cancer treatment. The mastectomy must have been performed between two and five years prior to the commencement of the study. The procedure for the study involves first obtaining a baseline. Study participants will be interviewed and all responses will be recorded. Next, the participants will then complete sa series of self-reporting. The questionnaires will be on various subjects, including psychological health, physical and emotional health, overall satisfacdtion and happiness, among others. Once all of the data is gathered, it will be analyzed and presented so that my see the/ significance of certain relationships which help to achieve a high quality of laundery The study included a large number of breast cancer survivors who filled out a self-report questionnaire that measured health-related quality of life. As found in other research, those who had a mastectomy with reconstruction were more likely to be younger, college educated, affluent and white, than those in the other groups; however, no difference was found among the groups with regard to emotional, social or role function. Body image and feelings of attractiveness are the usual psychosocial impacts found with regard to the surgery; and, nearly all post mastectomy patients report the fear of recurrence to be their greatest emotional challengea. The study also found that after a year from diagnosis, the quality of life is probably influenced most by the woman’s age or exposure to adjuvant therapy.

Paraphrase for Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Paraphrase for Discussion - Essay Example In the case where multiple tubes are placed in a staggered pattern, just as in the experiment, each additional row progressively creates more turbulence on the other proceeding rows. Thus, this increase in turbulence leads to an increase in heat transfer for each tube rows. A keen look at the rate of increase in heat transfer from one row to another will reveal a decreasing trend with more decrease realized in those rows farthest from the first row of the heat exchangers. This is attributable to the fact that all the flow in the in the first row of heat exchangers is at first laminar before being converted into turbulent. On the other hand, the subsequent rows function as a turbulence generating grid, which therefore increases the turbulence in the entire heat exchanger. Still, for each additional row encountered, a larger percentage of the flow hitting a particular row is already turbulent before the hit leading to a release of just a small of percentage of the flow for conversion to turbulent flow. For instance, if 60% of laminar flow is converted to turbulent for each row that the flow encounters, the returns will be diminishing. This implies that for the first row, 60% of the flow will be turbulent whereas for the second and third rows only 78% and 84% respectively will be converted. Finally, the other factor that affects the heat transfer coefficient is the difference in temperature between the surface of the element and air. Since the heat transfer coefficient varies inversely with the difference in temperature (see equation 5), this implies that transfer coefficient for a given heat transfer increases as the temperature difference decreases. The second experiment was conducted to examine the effect of heat transfer as a function of location on a cylinder. A cylindrical probe was used to measure the heat transfer as a function of angle. The measurements were taken for uniform flow in an air tunnel. A